Oklahoma
The Kiowa Tribe is a Native American Tribe who has spent their lives mostly in Texas, Oklahoma and in Eastern New Mexico upon the arrival of the Europeans. There are currently about 12,000 members of the tribe, most of who are living in the southwestern Oklahoma. In their native language, the name Kiowa actually means "Principal People". Guikate was the first one who led the Kiowa group in a place which is now popularly known as Las Vegas, New Mexico. It was during the winter of 1790 and at that time, most of the people were in search for peace after several wars. Guikate, during that time, was extending his hand to peace and unity to the Comanche party while they were both in the area. The peace offering was then continued to be the meeting between him and the head chief of the Nokoni Comanches. Together, these tribal members then created an alliance that led to the sharing of hunting grounds as well as a pact about mutual defense. Since then, these two tribes have lead a harmonious relationship together, traveling together, hunting together and even engaging in warfare together. The Plains Apache also joined the alliance in the same year. The Kiowa people were literally plains people. They were used to their Indian lifestyle in the plains and were mostly nomadic. They did not have permanent residency and they moved from place to place to where buffalo, vegetables and berries were bountiful. Their horses were their primary hunting companions. The horses also served them for military purposes in times of warfare. The Kiowa people are known to be notorious hunters even extending their hunting grounds to the west of the Grand Canyon region, in the southern parts of Mexico and even in the central parts of America as well as that of the northern part of Canada. Some of the prominent figures in the Kiowa are Dohasan also known as Tauhawsin, Over-Hanging Butte, someone whose alter-ego was named Little Mountain, Little Bluff, Guipahgah or Old Chief Lonewolf, Guibayhawgu or Rescued From Wolves, and their sub-leaders named Satanta and Satank. Satanta and Big Tree were accused and arrested in the year 1871. They were brought to the Fort Richardson in Texas after their conviction from the cowboy jury. They were convicted for participating in the Warren Wagon Train Raid. There are also many Kiowa people who are known as great artists. They were even labeled as the "Plains Indian ledger art" contemporary to the Native American art. The twentieth century Kiowa artists as known as the Kiowa Five and are those who obtained degrees from the University of Oklahoma. Today, art is still their main industry as well as the other sprawling business ventures.
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