California
The Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Indians is a proud member of the Diegueno Band of Indians. The Diegueno Indians is likewise a member of the Kumeyaay Nation. The language spoken by these people is that of the Delta-California Yuman. They belong to the Yuman family and are of the Esselen-Yuman stock. The Phylum of the tribe is Hokan while their Macro-Culture is that of the Southern California. According to the 1990 Census, there are ninety seven speakers for the whole of the tribe. The other tribes who speak the same language are the Cocopa, the Halykwami, the Kamia and the Konuana. Known to be a dialectic group of the semi-sedentary hunter or gather bands, the Santa Ysabel Band was well trained for the gathering and hunting purposes. The territorial land which has been inhabited by most of the tribe encompasses most of the southern San Diego County. The tribal territory then extends up to the Baia California. The tribe was brave enough to take an aggressive stance towards the Spanish as well as the Spanish missions. This brave move then reduced the early negative effect of the influx of the White invaders. The aboriginal locations of which most of the tribal members are settled are the Aha-hakaik, the Ahta, the Ahwat, the Amai'-tu, Hakam, the Hamancha, the Hamul, the Kwatai, the Maktati and the Maramoido among others. Today's present settlements of the tribe are the BArona Reservation in Lakeside, the Campo Reservation in Campo, the Capitan Grande Reservation in Alpine, the Cuyapaipe Reservation in Mount Laguna, the Inja-Cosmit Reservation in Julian, the Jamul Indian Village in Jamul, the La Posta Reservation in Riverside, the Manzanita Reservation in Boulevard, the Mesa Grande Reservtion for the Santa Ysabel, the San PAsqual Reservation in Valley Center, the Sanata Ysabel Reservation in Santa Ysabel and lastly, the Sycuan Reservation in El Cajon. The Santa Ysabel Reservation was created in the year 1875 in the San Diego County. The total land area that the reservation covers is up to 15,256. The tribal population is at 305. The reservation area granted to the tribe is about forty miles on the eastern portion of Escondido, located in Highway 76 on the south of Los Coyotes Reservation and near Julian. The tribal reservation is actually blessed to be located on the slopes of the Volcan Mountains at an altitude of almost 4,500 feet. The area is considered rocky and wooded. This characteristic of the tribal land paves way to the solitude that the tribe wants in order to preserve their original culture and traditions. There is an old Santa Ysabel Indian Mission which was founded in the year 1818. This Mission is still presently active up to this day. The Mission celebrates an annual Feast Day of the 14th of November. The tribal casino today is the major employer and source of income of the Santa Ysabel tribe. There are likewise plans on establishing a new one, following the success of their first casino business.
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